一、恭城橙类生产及销售的基本情况和存在的问题
橙类是我县较早引进的水果品种之一，经历了多年的积累，特别是上世纪80年代以来，橙类的价格一直较高，所以橙类的种植面积扩展的很快。恭城现有橙类种植面积约6、29万亩，主要品种有新会橙、红江橙。由于恭城特殊的地理和气候环境，恭城橙类在糖度，色泽，口感和外形方面，都比其他产区的橙类要好。但是由于各方面原因，去年橙子却普遍存在以下问题：一是个头、色泽、外形等方面都不够好；二是其他各种类型的水果同时上市，因此失去抢占市场的先机，受其他产区脐橙和夏橙的冲击很大，在销售量和价格方面都没有优势；三是恭城橙类种植的品种过于老化。
二、根据调查，恭城橙类生产和销售显现以下特点：
第一、生产不规范，农药残留量大，销售量太少。
目前橙类生产大多是以户为单位的分散栽培方式，真正集中成片实行统一管理的大型现代化果园极少。由于这种分散的经营模式，导致大部分农民只追求产量，不在乎质量。果农大量使用高浓度的农药和化肥，使得橙类农药残留严重超标，农药残留高低是衡量橙类品质好坏的重要因素，也是限制橙类销售的最主要障碍；同时，由于这种粗放的经营模式，使得果农在化肥使用、病虫害防治、优种优育方面的知识严重匮乏，从而导致产出的橙子大小不一、色泽不均、果型丑，这些也严重地制约了橙子的出口以及外运销售。到目前为止，去年全县才销售各类橙子14000余吨，只占恭城橙子产量的23、3%。
第二、缺乏自己的品牌。
俗话说“好酒还要会吆喝”，即使是优质的品种，如果没有叫得响的品牌，在鱼龙混杂的橙子大杂院里，一样可能被淹没。没有形成自己独有的品牌，放在同一个摊档上，一般消费者都只会感性地从价格、形状上去决定是否购买，很少有消费者能够分清品质的优劣。由于恭城特殊的地理和气候环境，恭城橙子在糖度，口感方面，都比其他产区的橙子要好，在市场上受到消费者的欢迎。目前市场上恭城橙子都是以“恭城橙子”牌子来销售，这个牌子不仅大而统，而且被盗用和假冒的情况十分严重，导致市场上恭城橙类品质参差不齐，鱼龙混杂，大大地降低了恭城橙子的声誉。
第三、需求弹性太小，而产量过大，市场难以承受供给大幅度的增长。
和其他农产品一样，橙子同样面临需求弹性太小的问题。由于需求对价格极度不敏感，因此，一旦产量有所增长，橙子即要以价格更大幅度的下跌来刺激市场扩大需求。所以农产品经常是丰产不丰收。今年的橙子价格低迷很大程度上也是由于这一因素造成的。今年恭城县橙子产量为6、72万吨，创历史最高水平。不仅如此，全国其他产区的橙子和水果产量以大幅增长。供给的大幅增长，导致了恭城橙子价格在全国范围内的更大幅度的下跌。恭城主要生产的2个橙子品种新会橙、红江橙今年的价格都很低。
第四、橙类商品化处理不够，而且加工技术不过关，缺乏大型的龙头企业。
For a more realistic understanding of Gongcheng orange life, production, agricultural income, burden, orange grower, orange agricultural ideas, grasp the situation of market channels and sources of information and the market approach, and effectively solve the hot and difficult problem of the economic reform, rural development in the orange fruit. To maintain a sustained and stable development of the rural economy, according to the county government, county government, county layout, fruit circulation office, county fruit center, County Agricultural Bureau joint investigation team, from XX in April 13th to April 19th, which lasted a week, the county's rural orange fruits economic survey, then the 1 day review, summary and analysis. The investigation object of this investigation is Gongcheng County typical orange grower, and some large sales in the sales process is very representative of the orange fruit, the survey point distribution in 40 administrative villages in the county, the grower, sales of large and orange agricultural are fully representative of the orange county to understand fruit cultivation and sales. The investigation is reported as follows:
First, the basic situation and existing problems of the production and sale of Gongcheng orange
Orange is one of the early fruit varieties introduced in our county. After many years of accumulation, especially since the 80s of last century, the price of orange has been relatively high, so the planting area of orange has expanded rapidly. Gongcheng existing orange planting area of about 6, 290 thousand acres, the main varieties of Xinhui orange, sweet orange. Because of the special geographical and climatic environment in Gongcheng, Gongcheng orange is better than other orange in the sugar, color, taste and shape. But due to various reasons, the last orange generally has the following problems: one is the size, color, shape and other aspects are not good enough; the two is the other various types of fruits listed at the same time, losing to seize market opportunities, from other areas of navel orange and Valencia impact is very big, have no advantages in sales and price; three Gongcheng orange planting varieties are too aging.
Two. According to the investigation, the production and sales of Gongcheng orange show the following characteristics:
First, the production is not standard, the pesticide residue is large and the sales volume is too small.
At present, most of the production of orange is a decentralized cultivation method based on household units. There are few large modern orchards in which the real centralized management is centralized. Because of this decentralized management model, most farmers only pursue production and do not care about quality. Farmers use a lot of high concentrations of pesticides and fertilizers, the orange pesticide residues exceed the standard seriously, pesticide residue level is an important factor to measure the quality of the orange, the main obstacle is also limit the orange sales; at the same time, because of the extensive mode of operation, so that farmers in fertilizer use, pest control, raise the level of species a serious lack of knowledge, which leads to the output of orange sizes, uneven color, fruit shape ugly, these also severely limits the export of oranges and Sinotrans sales. Up to now, only 14000 tons of oranges were sold in the county last year, accounting for only 23 and 3% of the Gongcheng's orange output.
Second, the lack of their own brand.
As the saying goes, "good wine but also will call, even if there is no high-quality varieties, well-known brands, in the orange clump like dragons and fishes jumbled together, may be drowned. Without forming their own brand, on the same stall, the general consumers will only decide whether to buy from the price and shape, and few consumers can distinguish the quality. Because of the special geographical and climatic environment of Gongcheng, Gongcheng oranges are better than those of other producing areas in terms of sugar and taste, and are popular with consumers in the market. Currently on the market of Gongcheng oranges are "Gongcheng orange" brand sales, the brand is not only big, but theft and counterfeiting situation is very serious, resulting in Gongcheng orange market uneven quality, greatly reducing the dragons and fishes jumbled together, the reputation of Gongcheng oranges.
Third, the demand elasticity is too small, and the output is too large, the market is difficult to bear a substantial increase in supply.
Like other agricultural products, oranges are also faced with the problem of too small demand elasticity. As demand is extremely insensitive to prices, once production increases, oranges are going to have a bigger drop in prices to stimulate market expansion. So agricultural products are often bumper harvest and not bumper harvest. This year's orange price downturn is largely due to this factor. This year, the production of orange in Gongcheng county is 6 and 720 thousand tons, which is the highest level in history. Not only that, the production of oranges and fruits in other regions of the country has increased significantly. The substantial increase in supply has led to a greater drop in the price of Gongcheng's oranges throughout the country. The price of Gongcheng mainly produces 2 orange orange, sweet orange varieties Xinhui is very low this year.
Fourth, orange commodity processing is not enough, and processing technology is not passed, the lack of large leading enterprises.
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